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8.1

Blockchain in Healthcare Applications

Health care is a potential application considering the blockchain. The individual

well-being records of medical and healthcare operations data should be managed

securely. The individual records encoding enables to put away utilizing blockchain,

in addition to providing a private key which would permit as it were particular people

to get records. Essentially, the same convention can be connected to conduct an inves-

tigation where individual records are utilized through Health Insurance Portability

and Accountability Act (HIPAA) laws to guarantee the secrecy of the information

[47]. The records of patients can be sent within the blockchain concept to security

suppliers or a specialist to send health records to the respective parts securely. To shift

to a blockchain concept in health care, it is necessary to link heterogeneous frame-

works with the health information management and well-being center and increased

scrutiny of electronic welfare records (EHRs). Electronic medical records (EMR)

can also be exchanged [47, 48].

In health care, an electronic medical record (EMR) provides information about

patients’ medical and treatment history simultaneously. Electronic health records

focus on the complete well-being of previous standard clinical patient information

collected within the provider’s office and encompass a broader view of patient care

[49]. Keeping the importance of medical information secure is the foremost well-

known blockchain healthcare application. Security is an important issue within the

healthcare industry. In the period between a year from 2009 to 2017, more than 176

million persistent records were uncovered in information breaches. The culprits stole

credit cards and managed account data, as well as well-being and genomic testing

records.

In health care-based CPS, efficient discussion making can be achieved by

supporting data acquisition for the integration of different healthcare data resources

such as digital patient records, biosensors, or smart healthcare environment devices.

By implementing IoT-related CPS in the holistic healthcare field, autonomous

medical devices can be managed interoperable and adaptively with computing and

control systems and implantable devices [50]. The healthcare CPS infrastructure

consists of components related to controlling and applications, medical sensors, as

well as data storage and cloud computing as shown in Fig. 5. It is necessary to pay

attention to the mechanisms of securing and encryption of CPS systems due to the

privacy and sensitivity of medical information, especially as it is related to cloud

systems and IoT applications. Also, scalability and high accessibility need to put

limits on resources, especially for hardware.

In the medical field, the confidentiality of medical information is one of the impor-

tant criteria as it constitutes a burden on health care systems, so data privacy at

the application and infrastructure level for CPS systems is one of the most impor-

tant requirements. Blockchain’s capability to keep an upright, decentralized, and

straightforward log of all persistent information makes it an innovation overflowing

for security applications. Although the blockchain is straightforward, it is char-

acterized by privacy and the ability to hide complex and secure information and